Assumption of Risk
Assumption of risk is a legal principle where an individual acknowledges the hazards associated with a certain activity or situation and accepts the potential risks involved.
What is Assumption of Risk in Insurance?
In the realm of insurance, assumption of risk refers to situations where the policyholder knowingly takes on risks that are typically associated with an activity they choose to engage in, fully understanding the possible dangers. This concept is crucial in determining the extent of coverage and liability in an insurance policy.
For example, if a person participates in a high-risk sport like bungee jumping, they assume the inherent risks of the activity. If they have an accident while engaging in this sport, their insurance claim may be influenced by the assumption of risk principle. The insurer might argue that the policyholder was aware of and accepted the risks, which may affect the compensation provided.
Key Components of Assumption of Risk
There are three key components to the assumption of risk in the insurance context:
Voluntary Participation: The individual must have voluntarily chosen to engage in the activity that poses the risk.
Knowledge of Risk: The person must have had knowledge of the inherent risks associated with the activity prior to participation.
Acceptance of Risk: The individual must have implicitly or explicitly accepted the risks, often evidenced by a waiver or verbal agreement.
Types of Assumption of Risk Covered
In insurance, there are typically four different types of assumption of risk that are covered:
Express Assumption of Risk
This occurs when the individual explicitly agrees to accept the risks associated with an activity, often by signing a waiver.
Implied Assumption of Risk
This is less formal and occurs when the individual's actions imply that they accept the risks, such as participating in a potentially dangerous sport without any objection.
Primary Assumption of Risk
This applies in situations where the risks are so inherent in the activity that the possibility of harm is unavoidable (e.g., getting bruised in a contact sport).
Secondary Assumption of Risk
This involves actions that go beyond the normal risks associated with the activity, where the individual acts recklessly despite knowing the risks.
How Insurance Covers Assumption of Risks
Insurance policies may vary significantly in how they cover activities involving an assumption of risk. Typically, insurers evaluate the degree to which the risk was understood and accepted by the insured. This assessment influences the policy terms, premiums, and coverage limits. For activities with a high assumption of risk, insurers might require specific waivers, increase premiums, or set special conditions for coverage.
